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3 articlesThe hidden gas costs of common Solidity patterns
Every SLOAD, SSTORE, and external call in your Solidity contract carries a precise price tag — and most developers dramatically underestimate the cumulative cost of common patterns. A single cold storage read costs 2,100 gas, a zero-to-nonzero storage write costs 22,100 gas, and a cold external call adds 2,600 gas overhead. These numbers, reshaped by EIP-2929's cold/warm access model, EIP-1153's transient storage, and EIP-4844's blob transactions, define the optimization landscape for 2025. Understanding them is the difference between a contract that costs users $5 per interaction and one that costs $0.50. This report compiles precise gas cost data, benchmarked anti-patterns, optimization techniques with concrete savings numbers, and L2-specific considerations that experienced Solidity developers need to write efficient contracts today.
How to Audit a Rust Smart Contract on Solana
Auditing Solana smart contracts requires a fundamentally different mindset than Ethereum auditing because Solana's account-based architecture, Rust-native development, and parallel execution model create unique vulnerability classes that don't exist in the EVM world. The most critical difference is that Solana programs receive all accounts as external parameters, making account validation the single most important security consideration—a stark contrast to EVM contracts that have implicit access to their own storage. This guide provides a systematic approach to auditing Solana programs, covering essential tools, vulnerability patterns, and battle-tested methodology for developers entering the Web3 security space.
How to Audit Smart Contracts Using AI Tools and LLMs: The Complete 2026 Guide
AI-powered smart contract auditing has emerged as a transformative force in blockchain security, enabling auditors to detect vulnerabilities faster and more comprehensively than ever before. However, AI analysis alone is insufficient. Effective auditing requires a structured methodology that begins with comprehensive automated scanning using specialized tools like SolidityDefend.